INTRODUCTION: The relation between the femoral head and the acetabulum can be analysed by injecting arthtographic material into the hip joint. However it is not well determined whether the amount of the arthrographic material has any effect on hip reduction. We aimed to investigate experimentally whether the injection of different amounts of arthrographic material to hip joint can cause subluxation or not.
METHODS: In this experimental study, 12 hips of 6 rats were injected 0.05cc, 0.1 cc and 0.2 cc arthrographic material respectively. The resulting radiological change of hip reduction is visualised.
and the distance between tip of the femoral head and the deepest point of asetabulum measured and evaluated statistically.

RESULTS: According to this material amount, that is 0.05cc, 0.1cc and 0.2 cc respectively there is no statistically significant difference (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: So as a result, although it seems that the amount of arhrographic material does not have any effect on hip reduction,it still remains as a theory that the natural relationship between the femoral head and acetabulum can be influenced by the amount of this arthrographic material injected to the hip joint.

INTRODUCTION: Short stature and hypogonadism are the most common features of Turner syndrome. It is important to determine the optimal dose and the appropriate timing of eostrogen replacement therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate bone mineral density and to determine the frequency of osteoporosis among patients with Turner syndrome. Meanwhile in this study it was purposed to investigate the effects of onset age to estrogen replacement therapy on bone health, growth promotion and final height.
METHODS: Forty five patients with Turner Syndrome who haven’t any other disease which can have a negative effect on bone metabolism are included in this study.
RESULTS: The corrected spine z-score is inversely correlated with the age of onset of estrogen (p: 0,042, r: -0,550). Osteoporosis was detected in 4 of 10 patients who have been reached to the final height. The mean z-score of patients with osteoporosis was -2.4. The average estrogen therapy onset age was 14.95 ± 2.18 years among the patients with osteoporosis and 14.48 ± 1.67 among the patients without osteoporosis (p=0,762). When the patients with a final height greater than 148 cm are compared with patients lower than 148 cm, the average estrogen therapy onset age was 15.61 ± 1.10 among the patients with a final height greater than 148 cm and 13.26 ± 1.79 among the patients shorter than 148 cm (p=0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The delay of the estrogen replacement therapy hasn’t caused the decrease in bone mineral density as bad as expected.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to review patients retrospectively who underwent ventilation tube administration due to otitis media with effusion(OME)in our clinic;Pre-operative evaluation and assessment ofthe surgical procedures performed.
METHODS: This study was carried out retrospectively inour clinic between April 2012 and November 2016,in which patients were treated with ventilation tube administration,obtained from patient files and electronic records in the hospital archive.It was noted that the age,sex,number of ears,number of patients who had only paracentesis without ventilation tube, type of ventilation tube,adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy were recorded.
RESULTS: Paracentesis was performed on 1092 ears of 546 patients. 311 (57%) of the cases were male, 235 (43%) were female and the mean age was 10.5 (1-60). Type B tympanogram was obtained in 988 (90.5%) of 1092 ears and type C tympanogram in 104 (9.5%). 947 (86.7%) of the 1092 ears with paracentesis were applied a ventilation tube insertion. 830 (87.6%) of the 947 ears with ventilation tube insertion were bilateral, 59 (6.2%) only in the right ear, and 58 (6.1%) only in the left ear.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Untreated otitis media with effusion may cause complications such as atrophy of the eardrum, atelectasis, and adhesive otitis media and cholesteatoma. Ventilation tube application is accepted as the most effective treatment method in chronic EOM treatment that does not respond to medical treatment in follow-ups.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the effect of surgery timing on surgical success and binocular vision in infantile esotropia.
METHODS: Medical records of 80 patients who underwent surgery for infantile esotropia between 1982-2010 in Istanbul Medical Faculty, Ophthalmology Department, were reviewed retrospectively. 30 patients who were operated before 24 months formed early surgery group and 50 patients who were operated after 24 months formed the late surgery group. Time of deviation onset, initial presenting age, initial deviation angle, anatomical success rates (<±10 prism diopters), mean number of operations until the anatomical success gained, simultaneous perception and fusion at the last visit, near and far worth 4 dot tests were compared between early and late surgery groups.
RESULTS: Mean time of onset was found 3.15 months in both groups. Mean deviation angle at first visit was 54.13±17.99 and 41.24±17.13 prism diopters for early and late surgery group, respectively (p=0.003). Mean number of operations was found 1.57 for early surgery group and 1.45 for late surgery group (p=0.74). Simultaneous perception rate was found 44.44% in the early surgery group, %50 in the late surgery group (p=1.00) and fusion rate was 33.3% for both groups (p=1.00) in patients who achieved anatomical success with a single operation.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: No statistically significant difference was detected for binocular vision parameters between two groups. This result shows that the age of 17.6 months for early surgery was not early enough. In addition to this, higher mean deviation angle in early surgery group than late surgery group may have effect on these results.

INTRODUCTION: Cesarean section is the most important procedure for obstetric surgery. Normal surgical anesthesia attemps to ensure the safety and optimal conditions of only one person; while in obstetric anesthesia both mother and fetus which is affected by every change at the mother should be secured.
METHODS: Anesthesia management and neonatal records of 300 pregnant women undergoing cesarean operation between January2016-June2016 were retrospectively screened. Demographic data of the patients, number/week of pregnancy, parity, emergency/elective cesarean section, anesthesia method, accompanying diseases, newborn weight, newborn 1-5 minute APGAR scores were recorded.
RESULTS: It was observed that the duration of the operation was longer and the average 1st and 5th minute apgar score was higher at procedures with spinal anesthesia. It was also observed that at the cases which spinal anesthesia was applied; newborn weight and the number of pregnancies of the mother was higher. It was observed that; 86.5% of the emergency cases were performed under general anesthesia. For elective cases that rate is; 55% of htem are under general anesthesia, 45% of them are under spinal anesthesia.And that difference between the rates have been found statistically significant.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In caesarean section cases, spinal anesthesia for mother is preferred in terms of comfortable passage in postoperative period and first minute Apgar score in pregnancy bearing fetal stress risk. In this study, we found that cesarean section by spinal anesthesia is a positive effect on the new APGAR score.

Postpartum hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Assessment of the risk factors, prevention efforts, early and aggressive management are the key factors in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with postpartum hemorrhage. Although many antepartum and intrapartum risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage have been identified, most cases have no identifiable risk factors. Active management of the third stage of labour is recommended for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Management of postpartum hemorrhage requires a multidisciplinary approach.

The initial diagnosis in a woman presenting with ascites, an adnexial mass and elevated CA125 levels is ovarian malignancy until proven otherwise. However disseminated pelvic tuberculosis infection may rarely present with similar findings. In this report we present a case of abdominopelvic tuberculosis in a 20 year old female patient admitted to our hospital with the complaint of pelvic pain for a duration of one month with the findings of an adnexial mass and elevated CA125 levels. The patient underwent laparotomy with an initial diagnosis of ovarian malignancy. Upon discovery of a pelvic abcess and miliary foci of infection at laparotomy, frozen section examination of biopsy specimens were carried out revealing a caseating granulamatous infection. It is important to keep the possibility of disseminated tuberculosis in mind in young women presenting with findings of ovarian malignancy, especially in countries where tuberculosis infection is endemic, in order to avoid unnecessary radical surgery.